Kim, J.H.; Yenari, M.A.; Giffard, R.G.; Cho, S.W.; Park, K.A.; Lee, J.E. Agmatine Reduces Infarct Area in a Mouse Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Protects Cultured Neurons from Ischemia-like Injury. Exp. Neurol., 2004, 189(1), 122–130.
Taksande B.G.; Chopde, C.T.; Umekar, M.J.; Kotagale, N.R. Agmatine Attenuates Hyperactivity and Weight Loss Associated with Activity-based Anorexia in Female Rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2015, 132, 136–141.
Kim, J.H.; Lee, Y.W.; Park, K.A.; Lee, W.T.; Lee, J.E. Agmatine Attenuates Brain Edema through Reducing the Expression of Aquaporin-1 after Cerebral Ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 2010, 30(5), 943–949.
Li, G.; Regunathan, S.; Barrow, C.J.; Eshraghi, J.; Cooper, R.; Reis, D.J. Agmatine: An Endogenous Clonidine-displacing Substance in the Brain. Science, 1994, 263, 966–969.
Raasch, W.; Regunathan, S.; Li, G.; Reis, D.J. Agmatine, the Bacterial Amine, is Widely Distributed in Mammalian Tissues. Life Sci., 1995, 56(26), 2319–2330.
Otake, K.; Ruggiero, D.A.; Regunathan, S.; Wang, H.; Milner, T.A.; Reis, D.J. Regional Localization of Agmatine in the Rat Brain: An Immunocytochemical Study. Brain Res., 1998, 787(1), 1–14.
Taksande, B.G.; Kotagale, N.R.; Patel, M.R.; Shelkar, G.P.; Ugale, R.R.; Chopde, C.T. Agmatine, an Endogenous Imidazoline Receptor Ligand Modulates Ethanol Anxiolysis and Withdrawal Anxiety in Rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2010, 637(1–3), 89–101.
Reis, D.J.; Regunathan, S.; Agmatine: A novel neurotransmitter? In: Advances in Pharmacology. Vol. 42. Academic Press, United States, 1997. p645–649.
Taksande, B.G.; Sharma, O.; Aglawe, M.M.; Kale, M.B.; Gawande, D.Y.; Umekar. M.J.; Kotagale, N.R. Acute Orexigenic Effect of Agmatine Involves Interaction between Central α2- adrenergic and GABAergic Receptors. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2017, 93, 939–947.
Kotagale, N.R.; Ali, M.T.; Chopde, C.T.; Umekar, M.J.; Taksande, B.G. Agmatine Inhibits Nicotine Withdrawal Induced Cognitive Deficits in Inhibitory Avoidance Task in Rats: Contribution of α2-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2018, 167, 42–49.
Gilad, G.M.; Salame, K.; Rabey, J.M.; Gilad, V.H. Agmatine Treatment is Neuroprotective in Rodent Brain Injury Models. Life Sci., 1995, 58(2), 41–46.
Aglawe, M.M.; Taksande, B.G.; Kuldhariya, S.S.; Chopde, C.T.; Umekar, M.J.; Kotagale, N.R. Participation of Central Imidazoline Binding Sites in Antinociceptive Effect of Ethanol and Nicotine in Rats. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol., 2014, 28(3), 284–293.
Kolesnikov, Y.; Jain, S.; Pasternak, G.W. Modulation of Opioid Analgesia by Agmatine. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1996, 296(1), 17–22.
Kotagale, N.R.; Chopde, C.T.; Umekar, M.J.; Taksande, B.G. Chronic Agmatine Treatment Prevents Behavioral Manifestations of Nicotine Withdrawal in Mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2015, 754, 190–198.
Bence, A.K.; Worthen, D.R.; Stables, J.P.; Crooks, P.A. An in vivo Evaluation of the Antiseizure Activity and Acute Neurotoxicity of Agmatine. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2003, 74(3), 771–775.
Li, Y.F.; Gong, Z.H.; Cao, J.B.; Wang, H.L.; Luo, Z.P.; Li, J. Antidepressant-like Effect of Agmatine and its Possible Mechanism. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2003, 469(1–3), 81–88.
Kale, M.; Nimje, N.; Aglawe, M.M.; Umekar, M.; Taksande, B.; Kotagale, N. Agmatine Modulates Anxiety and Depression-like Behaviour in Diabetic Insulin-resistant Rats. Brain Res., 2020, 1747, 147045.
Kotagale, N.; Rahmatkar, S.; Chauragade, S.; Dixit, M.; Umekar, M.; Chopde, C.; Taksande, B. Involvement of Hippocampal Agmatine in β1-42 Amyloid Induced Memory Impairment, Neuroinflammation and BDNF Signaling Disruption in Mice. Neurotoxicology, 2020, 80, 1–11.
Matheus, F.C.; Aguiar A.S. Jr.; Castro, A.A.; Villarinho, J.G.; Ferreira, J.; Figueiredo, C.P.; Walz, R.; Santos, A.R.; Tasca, C.I.; Prediger, R.D. Neuroprotective Effects of Agmatine in Mice Infused with a Single Intranasal Administration of 1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Behav. Brain Res., 2012, 235(2), 263–272.
Loring, R.H. Agmatine Acts as an Antagonist of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1990, 99(1), 207–211.
Reis, D.J.; Yang, X.C.; Milner, T.A. Agmatine Containing Axon Terminals in Rat Hippocampus form Synapses on Pyramidal Cells. Neurosci. Lett., 1998, 250(3), 185–188.
Yang, X.C.; Reis, D.J. Agmatine Selectively Blocks the N-methyl- D-aspartate Subclass of Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal Neurons. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1999, 288(2), 544–549.
Kotagale, N.; Deshmukh, R.; Dixit, M.; Fating, R.; Umekar, M.; Taksande, B. Agmatine Ameliorates Manifestation of Depression-like Behavior and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Brain Res. Bull., 2020, 160, 56–64.
Marde, V.S.; Tiwari, P.L.; Wankhede, N.L.; Taksande, B.G.; Upaganlawar A.B.; Umekar, M.J.; Kale, M.B. Neurodegenerative Disorders Associated with Genes of Mitochondria. Future J. Pharm. Sci., 2021, 7(1), 66.
Arndt, M.A.; Battaglia, V.; Parisi, E.; Lortie, M.J.; Isome, M.; Baskerville, C.; Pizzo, D.P.; Ientile, R.; Colombatto, S.; Toninello, A.; Satriano, J. The Arginine Metabolite Agmatine Protects Mitochondrial Function and Confers Resistance to Cellular Apoptosis. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 2009, 296(6), C1411–C1419.
Taksande, B.G.; Nambiar, S.; Patil, S.; Umekar, M.J.; Aglawe, M.M.; Kotagale, N.R. Agmatine Reverses Ethanol Consumption in Rats: Evidences for an Interaction with Imidazoline Receptors. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2019, 186, 172779.
Piletz, J.E.; Aricioglu, F.; Cheng, J.T.; Fairbanks, C.A.; Gilad, V.H.; Haenisch, B.; Halaris, A.; Hong, S.; Lee, J.E.; Li, J.; Liu, P. Agmatine: Clinical Applications after 100 Years in Translation. Drug Discov. Today, 2013, 18(17–18), 880–893.
Greenberg, S.; George, J.; Wollman, Y.; Shapira, I.; Laniado, S.; Keren, G. The Effect of Agmatine Administration on Ischemic-reperfused Isolated Rat Heart. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther., 2001, 6(1), 37–45.
Satriano, J.; Cunard, R.; Peterson, O.W.; Dousa, T.; Gabbai, F.B.; Blantz, R.C. Effects on Kidney Filtration Rate by Agmatine Requires Activation of Ryanodine Channels for Nitric Oxide Generation. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2008, 294(4), F795–F800.
Taksande, B.G.; Faldu, D.S.; Dixit, M.P.; Sakaria, J.N.; Aglawe, M.M.; Umekar, M.J.; Kotagale, N.R. Agmatine Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Induced Behavioral Alteration in mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2013, 720(1–3), 115–120.
Gilad, G.M.; Gilad, V.H. Long-term (5 years), High Daily Dosage of Dietary Agmatine--Evidence of Safety: A Case Report. J. Med. Food., 2014, 17(11), 1256–1259.
Gilad, G.M.; Gilad, V.H. Accelerated Functional Recovery and Neuroprotection by Agmatine after Spinal Cord Ischemia in Rats. Neurosci. Lett., 2000, 296(2–3), 97–100.
Jiang, X.; Pu, H.; Hu, X.; Wei, Z.; Hong, D.; Zhang, W.; Gao, Y.; Chen, J.; Shi, Y. A Post-stroke Therapeutic Regimen with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids that Promotes White Matter Integrity and Beneficial Microglial Responses after Cerebral Ischemia. Transl Stroke Res., 2016, 7(6), 548–561.
Ji, B.; Zhou, F.; Han, L.; Yang, J.; Fan, H.; Li, S.; Li, J.; Zhang, X.; Wang, X.; Chen, X.; Xu, Y. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Enhances Effectiveness Rt-PA Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Associated with Ameliorating Blood-brain Barrier Damage. Transl. Stroke Res., 2017, 8(4), 334–340.
Xu, W.; Gao, L.; Li, T.; Shao, A.; Zhang, J. Neuroprotective Role of Agmatine in Neurological Diseases. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2018, 16(9), 1296–1305.
Taksande, B.G.; Kotagale, N.R.; Gawande, D.Y.; Bharne, A.P.; Chopde, C.T.; Kokare, D.M. Neuropeptide Y in the Central Nucleus of Amygdala Regulates the Anxiolytic Effect of Agmatine in Rats. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2014, 24(6), 955–963.
Taksande, B.G.; Kotagale, N.R.; Tripathi, S.J.; Ugale, R.R.; Chopde, C.T. Antidepressant like Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Involve Modulation of Imidazoline Receptors by Agmatine. Neuropharmacology, 2009, 57(4), 415–424.
Feng, Y.; Piletz, J.E.; Leblanc, M.H. Agmatine Suppresses Nitric Oxide Production and Attenuates Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats. Pediatr Res., 2002, 52(4), 606–611.
Jung, H.J.; Yang, M.Z.; Kwon, K.H.; Yenari, M.A.; Choi, Y.J.; Lee, W.T.; Park, K.A.; Lee, J.E. Endogenous Agmatine Inhibits Cerebral Vascular Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression by Regulating Activating Transcription Factor 3 and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthesis. Curr. Neurovasc. Res., 2010, 7(3), 201–212.
Umare, M.D.; Wankhede, N.L.; Bajaj, K.K.; Trivedi, R.V.; Taksande, B.G.; Umekar, M.J.; Mahore J.G.; Kale, M.B. Interweaving of reactive oxygen species and major neurological and psychiatric disorders. In: Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises. Elsevier, Masson, 2021.
Kotagale, N.; Rahangdale, S.; Borkar, A.; Singh, K.; Ikhar, A.; Takale, N.; Umekar, M.; Taksande, B. Possible Involvement of Agmatine in Neuropharmacological Actions of Metformin in Diabetic Mice. Eur J Pharmacol., 2021, 907:174255.
Shlosberg, D.; Benifla, M.; Kaufer, D.; Friedman, A. Blood-brain Barrier Breakdown as a Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury. Nat. Rev. Neurol., 2010, 6(7), 393–403.
Kotagale, N.R.; Taksande, B.G.; Inamdar, N.N. Neuroprotective Offerings by agmatine. Neurotoxicology, 2019, 73, 228–245.
Kuo, J.R.; Lo, C.J.; Chang, C.P.; Lin, K.C.; Lin, M.T.; Chio, C.C. Agmatine-Promoted Angiogenesis, Neurogenesis, and Inhibition of Gliosis-reduced Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. J. Trauma, 2011, 71(4), E87–E93.
Yu, C.G.; Marcillo, A.E.; Fairbanks, C.A.; Wilcox, G.L.; Yezierski, R.P. Agmatine Improves Locomotor Function and Reduces Tissue Damage Following Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroreport, 2000, 11(14), 3203–3207.
Kim, J.H.; Yenari, M.A.; Park, K.A.; Lee, J.E. The Multifaceted Effects of Agmatine on Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury through Modulations of BMP-2/4/7 Expressions in Neurons and Glial Cells. PLoS One, 2013, 8(1), e53911.
Dixit, M.P.; Upadhya, M.A.; Taksande, B.G.; Raut, P.; Umekar, M.J.; Kotagale, N.R. Neuroprotective Effect of Agmatine in Mouse Spinal Cord Injury Model: Modulation by Imidazoline Receptors. J. Nat. Sci. Biol. Med., 2018, 9(2), 115–120.
Zhu, M.Y.; Piletz, J.E.; Halaris, A.; Regunathan, S. Effect of Agmatine Against Cell Death Induced by NMDA and Glutamate in Neurons and PC12 Cells. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 2003, 23(4), 865–872.
Wang, W.P.; Iyo, A.H.; Miguel-Hidalgo, J.; Regunathan, S.; Zhu, M.Y. Agmatine Protects Against Cell Damage Induced by NMDA and Glutamate in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. Brain Res., 2006, 1084(1), 210–216.
Marde, V.S.; Atkare, U.A.; Gawali, S.V.; Tiwari, P.L.; Badole, S.P.; Wankhede, N.L.; Taksande, B.G.; Upaganlawar, A.B.; Umekar, M.J.; Kale, M.B. Alzheimer’s Disease and Sleep Disorders: Insights into the Possible Disease Connections and the Potential Therapeutic Targets. Asian J. Psychiatr., 2022, 68, 102961.
Iizuka, Y.; Hong, S.; Kim, C.Y.; Kim, S.K.; Je Seong, G. Agmatine Pretreatment Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGC-5 Cell Line) from Oxidative Stress in vitro. Biocell, 2008, 32(3), 245–250.
Wang, C.C.; Chio, C.C.; Chang, C.H.; Kuo, J.R.; Chang, C.P. Beneficial Effect of Agmatine on Brain Apoptosis, Astrogliosis, and Edema after Rat Transient Cerebral Ischemia. BMC Pharmacol., 2010, 10(1), 11.
Ahn, S.K.; Hong, S.; Park, Y.M.; Choi, J.Y.; Lee, W.T.; Park, K.A.; Lee, J.E. Protective Effects of Agmatine on Lipopolysaccharide-injured Microglia and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity. Life Sci., 2012, 91(25–26), 1345–1350.
Abe, K.; Abe, Y.; Saito, H. Agmatine Induces Glutamate Release and Cell Death in Cultured Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Brain Res., 2003, 990(1–2), 165–171.
Kotil, K.; Kuscuoglu, U.; Kirali, M.; Uzun, H.; Akçetin, M.; Bilge, T. Investigation of the Dose-dependent Neuroprotective Effects of Agmatine in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Randomized and Placebo-control Trial. J. Neurosurg. Spine, 2006, 4(5), 392–399.
Hong, S.; Lee, J.E.; Kim, C.Y.; Seong, G.J. Agmatine Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells from Hypoxia-induced Apoptosis in Transformed Rat Retinal Ganglion Cell Line. BMC Neurosci., 2007, 8(1), 81.
Dastan, A.; Kocer, I.; Erdogan, F.; Ates, O.; Kızıltunc, A. Agmatine as Retinal Protection from Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Guinea Pigs. Jpn. J. Ophthalmol., 2009, 53(3), 219–224.
Bennet, D.; Kim, S. Effects of Agmatine and Resveratrol on RGC-5 Cell Behavior under Light Stimulation. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2014, 38(1), 84–97.
Zhu, M.Y.; Wang, W.P.; Bissette, G. Neuroprotective Effects of Agmatine against Cell Damage Caused by Glucocorticoids in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons. Neuroscience, 2006, 141(4), 2019–2027.
Zhu, M.Y.; Wang, W.P.; Cai, Z.W.; Regunathan, S.; Ordway, G. Exogenous Agmatine has Neuroprotective Effects Against Restraint-induced Structural Changes in the Rat Brain. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2008, 27(6), 1320–1332.
Freitas, A.E.; Egea, J.; Buendía, I.; Navarro, E.; Rada, P.; Cuadrado, A.; Rodrigues, A.L.S.; López, M.G. Agmatine Induces Nrf2 and Protects Against Corticosterone Effects in Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Line. Mol. Neurobiol., 2015, 51(3), 1504–1519.
Taksande, B.G.; Chopde, C.T.; Umekar, M.J.; Kotagale, N.R. Agmatine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide Induced Anorexia and Sickness Behavior in Rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2015, 132, 108–114.
Gawali, N.B.; Bulani, V.D.; Chowdhury, A.A.; Deshpande, P.S.; Nagmoti, D.M.; Juvekar, A.R. Agmatine Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide Induced Depressive-like Behaviour in Mice by Targeting the Underlying Inflammatory and Oxido-nitrosative Mediators. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2016, 149, 1–8.
Taksande, B.G.; Gawande, D.Y.; Chopde, C.T.; Umekar, M.J.; Kotagale, N.R. Agmatine Ameliorates Adjuvant Induced Arthritis and Inflammatory Cachexia in Rats. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2017, 86, 271–278.
Sahin, C.; Albayrak, O.; Akdeniz, T.F.; Akbulut, Z.; Demirel, G.Y.; Aricioglu, F. Agmatine Reverses Sub-chronic Stress induced Nod-like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) Activation and Cytokine Response in Rats. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2016, 119(4), 367–375.
Kotagale, N.; Dixit, M.; Garmelwar, H.; Bhondekar, S.; Umekar, M.; Taksande, B. Agmatine Reverses Memory Deficits Induced by Aβ1-42 Peptide in Mice: A Key Role of Imidazoline Receptors. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2020, 196, 172976.
Wankhede, N.L.; Kale, M.B.; Upaganlawar, A.B.; Taksande, B.G.; Umekar, M.J.; Behl, T.; Abdellatif, A.A.; Bhaskaran, P.M.; Dachani, S.R.; Sehgal, A.; Singh, S. Involvement of Molecular Chaperone in Protein-misfolding Brain Diseases. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2022, 147, 112647.
Alhadidi, Q.; Sayeed, M.S.B.; Shah, Z.A. The Interplay between Cofilin and Phospho-cofilin: Its Role in Maintaining Blood Brain Barrier Integrity. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets, 2017, 16(3), 279–290.
Agre, P.; King, L.S.; Yasui, M.; Guggino, W.B.; Ottersen, O.P.; Fujiyoshi, Y.; Engel, A.; Nielsen, S. Aquaporin water channels- -from atomic structure to clinical medicine. J. Physiol., 2002, 542(1), 3–16.
Taksande, B.G.; Khade, S.D.; Aglawe, M.M.; Gujar, S.; Chopde, C.T.; Kotagale, N.R. Agmatine Inhibits Behavioral Sensitization to Ethanol through Imidazoline Receptors. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 2019, 43(4), 747–757.
Dabhekar, S.V.; Chandurkar, P.A.; Kale, M.B.; Wankhede, N.L.; Taksande, B.G.; Umekar, M.J.; Upaganlawar, A.B. Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: Phytoconstituent & Their Possible Pharmacological Activities. Depress Anxiety Open Access, 2022, 5, 1002.
Chandurkar, P.; Dhokne, M.; Wankhede, N.; Mangrulkar, S.; Taksande, B.; Upaganlawar, A.; Umekar, M.; Kale, M. Modulation of Mitochondrial Function in Elderly Brain: Involvement of Autophagy and Apoptosis. INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacol. Sci., 2023, 4(2), 33–45.
Kale, M.B.; Bajaj, K.; Umare, M.; Wankhede, N.L.; Taksande, B.G.; Umekar, M.J.; Upaganlawar, A. Exercise and Nutraceuticals: Eminent Approach for Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr. Mol. Pharmacol., 2022, 15(1), 108–128.
Kotagale, N.; Taksande, B.; Inamdar, N. Is There a Rendezvous for SARS-CoV-2 and Agmatine. Coronaviruses, 2022, 3(3), 1–22.